军事家亦须有政治眼光和政治智慧——以王翦、张良、韩信等为例

Strategists should have political vision and political wisdom——A case study of Wang Jian,Zhang Liang,Han Xin

智勇双全的将帅一定是通晓军事学、能够指挥全军将士克敌致胜的军事家,同时也必须具有高远的政治眼光和高超的政治智慧。王翦敢于同秦王叫板,最终功成名就,生荣死哀;张良激流勇退,淡泊功名利禄,最后优游岁月,无疾而终。他们是具备卓越政治智慧的典型。韩信军事一流,但由于政治智慧严重缺失,结果身死族灭,令后世哀惋痛惜。当然,天才将帅死于非命更多是由于君王的专制暴戾造成的,所以,要想避免这种悲剧的发生,关键还是以民主和法制取代专制。

A wise and brave general must be a strategist who not only has a full knowledge of military science and is capable of commanding officers and soldiers to conquer the enemy, but also must have a foresighted political vision and superb political wisdom. Otherwise, he would die in his boots after he made unprecedented contributions in the war. Wang Jian dared to challenge Emperor Qin and ultimately got fame and success. Zhang Liang retired when in high office, indifferent to fame and fortune, and died without an illness. They are examples of possessing great political wisdom. Han Xin who was proficient in military affairs but seriously in lack of political wisdom died with his whole family exterminated, grieved and lamented by later generations. Of course, talented generals died more because of the tyranny of the monarchs, so, in order to avoid this kind of tragedy, the key is to replace autocracy with democracy and law.