大兴安岭北部森林流域内积雪与融雪径流化学特征

Chemical Characteristics of Snowpack and Snowmelt-runoff in Forest Watershed in Northern Region of Greater Xing,an Mountains

采集2015年3月16日最大积雪期流域内积雪样品和2015年4~5月河川融雪径流样品,分析其离子质量浓度特征,结果表明:1)森林流域内积雪离子质量浓度从大到小依次为PO_4^(3-)(5.91 mg/L)、SO_4^(2-)(5.15 mg/L)、Cl^-(1.90 mg/L)、K^+(1.16 mg/L)、Ca^(2+)(0.96 mg/L)、NO_3^-(0.89 mg/L)、Mg^(2+)(0.33 mg/L)和Mn(0.011 mg/L),其中樟子松林对积雪离子浓度影响最大,白桦林次之,兴安落叶松林最小。2)河川融雪径流中离子成分以Ca^(2+)和PO_4^(3-)为主,二者占78.50%左右,融雪径流Ca^(2+)、PO_4^(3-)、Mg^(2+)和K^+相对流域积雪表现为淋失型迁移,其中Ca^(2+)的迁移量最大,迁移系数为15.84,而SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-、Cl^-和Mn则表现为内贮型迁移。

In order to reveal characteristics of snow-chemistry in forest-watershed in boreal,the samples of snowpack in forest-watershed and snowmelt-runoff in stream were collectedduring March 2014 to May 2015 in the northern region of Greater Xing,an Mountains, weanalysed the ion-concentrations of all samples to provide scientific basises for correctly evaluating water-conservation function of forest-ecosystem in boreal.The results were shown as the followings：1） In forest watershed, the concentration of snowpack-ions from large to small was consecutively PO_4^（3-）（5.91 mg/L）、SO_4^（2-）（5.15 mg/L）、Cl^-（1.90 mg/L）、K~＋（1.16 mg/L）、Ca^（2＋）（0.96mg/L）、NO_3^-（0.89 mg/L）、Mg^（2＋）（0.33 mg/L） and Mn（0.011 mg/L）, and different forest types had different influences on the chemical-characteristics of snowpack in forest-ecosystem, Pinus sylvestris forest was the largest, Birch forest was second, and Larix gmelini forest was the least. 2） The concentration of Ca^（2＋）and PO_4^（3-） in all ions of snowmelt-runoff was the largest, the two accounted for about 78.50%, Ca^（2＋）、PO_4^（3-）、Mg^（2＋）and K＋showed leaching-migration, migration quantity of Ca^（2＋）was the largest, migration coefficient was 20.01,however, SO_4^（2-）、NO_3^-、Cl^-and Mn showed internal storage migration.