孔子孝观念的创见及孝行应用的理论预设

Confucius Concepts of Filial Piety and the Theoretic Presupposition in Its Application

孔子是儒家孝观念首倡者,孔子关于孝观念的阐述并没有形成一套系统的理论,但为后人的孝行应用和孝理阐述做好了理论预设。孔子孝观念的基础是西周的德论,他承继了西周的敬祖、承祖业等等的孝观念。在《论语》和记载孔子言行的相关文献中,孔子关于孝养和孝敬、行远与关切、报本与无改、孝顺与孝谏等等,都有自己的创见;关于孝与悌、忠、仁的关联和应用也有自己的明见。孔子并未给后人预设某种规范性教条,都是提出适时而为、尊礼行孝的人道观念,为后人孝行阐释预留了选择性空间。

Confucius is the initiator of filial piety.Though he did not establish a systematic theory of filial piety,he prepared a theoretical presupposition of its application and narration for future generations.Confucius＇ concept of filial piety came from the virtue theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty,especially such ideas of filial piety as ancestral worship and the ancestral property inheritance.According to the Analects and related records about him,Confucius creatively raised his own ideas of filial piety,including support to and filial respect for one＇s parents,concerns for them when going afar,reward to them and adherence to their teachings and filial obedience to and persuasion of them.He also had distinct ideas of the relationship between filiality and the morals of brotherliness,loyalty and benevolence as well as their application.Confucius did not prescribe for posterity some normative dogma.Instead,what he put forward were humanitarian principles for timely action and filial propriety,leaving to later generations adequate possibilities of interpretation.