人体脊柱生物力学特性的研究方法及进展

Research method and progresses of biomechanical properties of human spine

背景:随着脊椎融合术和人工椎间盘植入手术的不断发展,近年来研究者们利用各种医疗仪器设备和研究方法,对脊椎的各项特性展开研究。生物力学研究需要更真实的模拟人体生理环境和运动方式。目的:综述国内外相关文献,从测量主体和测量内容角度总结脊柱生物力学研究方法的优势与不足。方法:以"biomechanical and(properties or study or evaluation),spinal biomechanics,spine mechanical test,spine and(kinematics or motion)"为英文检索词检索PubM ed、Web of Science、Springer数据库,以"生物力学特性,生物力学研究评估,脊柱生物力学,脊柱力学测试,脊柱动力学,脊柱运动"为检索词检索中文期刊全文数据库,纳入脊柱力学、运动学、动力学研究相关文献,主要整理近5年来该领域内的经典文献,排除重复性工作,重点对38篇文献进行分析讨论。结果与结论:近30年来研究者从多个结构细节对脊柱机械特性展开了研究,仿照人体运动研究了基本工况下脊柱的运动形式,掌握了大量脊柱力学与动力学特性。未来还需要对脊柱特性进行更加深入的了解,如力学方面椎间盘的阻尼特性、运动学方面脊柱的空间耦合运动规律等,才能有助于设计性能更加优良的脊椎病治疗产品,更好地修复脊椎疾病。

BACKGROUND： With the gradual development of spine fusion surgery and artificial disc implant surgery, researchers have studied the characteristics of spine in various ways using many kinds of medical equipment in recent years. Biomechanical studies of more realistic simulation of human physiological environment and human movement are needed. OBJECTIVE： To review domestic and foreign documents and sum up the advantage and disadvantage of spinal biomechanics research methods from the aspects of measurement subjects and measurement methods. METHODS： The Pub Med database, Web of Science database, Springer database and CNKI database were searched with key words of ＂biomechanical and（properties or study or evaluation）, spinal biomechanics, spine mechanical test, spine and（kinematics or motion）＂ in English and Chinese respectively. Articles related to mechanics kinematics and dynamics of spine were included. Researches in recent five years and classic literature in this field were collected, and the repetitive studies were excluded. A total of 38 articles were discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Researchers have studied the spinal mechanical properties of a plurality of structural details and the movement form in basic conditions simulating human motion in recent 30 years. Many spinal properties about mechanics and dynamics were mastered. There is need for more in-depth understanding of spinal properties in future, such as the damping characteristics of disc mechanics and coupling movement of spinal kinematics, which would be helpful in designing treatment products and curing spinal disease.