茂名市茂南区农民碘营养状况调查

Investigation on iodine nutritional status in Maonan district of Maoming City

目的分析茂名市茂南区农村人群碘营养现况,指导农民科学补碘,优化该区农民碘营养状况。方法在全区8个镇均开展抽样调查,调查内容包括盐碘、水碘、尿碘等。结果共调查居民食用盐800份,碘盐覆盖率为100%;合格碘盐789份,碘盐合格率为98.6%,盐碘含量中位数为25.00 mg/kg。共调查饮用水220份,水碘含量中位数为22.58μg/L,属于适碘水平,但鉴江流域地下水碘含量发布较分散,范围跨度大,出现缺碘（〈10μg/L）、适碘（10~150μg/L）和高碘（〉150μg/L）3种结果交叉并存,甚至一个自然村范围内都会出现此现象,水源性高碘自然村在鉴江主干和各支流沿岸地区呈点状分布/不连成片。8~10岁儿童尿碘271份,尿碘中位数为151.0μg/L,属于碘营养水平适宜状况;孕妇尿碘中位数为100.0μg/L,属于碘营养水平不足状况。结论茂名市茂南区农民碘盐质量达到标准要求,但重点监测人群碘营养水平不一,需加强孕妇的碘营养状况监测。外环境中存在水源性高碘,建议采取以地表水为水源的改水降碘的防控措施。

[Objective]To analyze the iodine nutritional status of the rural population in Maonan district of Maoming city, guide the farmers to supplement iodine scientifically and optimize the iodine nutrition status of farmers in this district.[Methods]The sampling survey was carried out in eight towns of the district, including the investigation of iodine salt, water iodine and urinary iodine[.Results]A total of 800 edible salts were investigated, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 100%. 789 iodized salts were qualified, and the qualified rate was 98.60%. The median of salt iodine content was 25.00 mg/kg. 220 samples of drinking water were investigated, and the median of iodine content was 22.58 μg/L, which belonged to the suitable iodine level. But the water iodine content of the groundwater in Jianjiang river basin exhibited scattered distribution and large range span, which appeared absent iodine（10 μg/L）, suitable iodine（10-150 μ g/L） and high iodine（150 μ g/L） three results, even a natural village appeared this phenomenon. The natural villages of water-source-originated high level iodine showed dotted distribution and didn＇t joint a piece in the coastal areas of trunk and tributaries of the Jianjiang river basin. 271 samples of urine iodine of children aged8-10 were detected, and the median of urinary iodine was 151.0 μg/L, which belonged to the suitable level of iodine nutritional status. The median of urinary iodine in pregnant women was 100.0 μg/L, which belonged to the deficiency of iodine nutritional level.[Conclusion]The iodized salt of Maonan district is quality, but the iodine nutritional level of main monitored population varies, and the monitoring of iodine nutrition status of pregnant women should be strengthened. There is the water-source-originated high level iodine in the external environment, so the prevention and control measures of improving water to reduce iodine that choosing surface water as water source is suggested.