2009—2015年北京市某山区中小学学生营养状况流行趋势

Epidemic trend of nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in mountainous area of Beijing from 2009-2015

目的了解2009—2015年北京市某山区中小学学生营养状况及变化规律,为中小学生营养改善提供依据。方法通过北京市中小学健康信息管理系统,对2009—2015年北京市延庆区中小学学生健康检查数据进行收集、整理,利用SPSS 19.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 2009—2015年学生总体肥胖检出率最高(19.6%),其次为超重(13.3%),营养不良检出率最低(13.0%)。营养不良检出率总体呈现逐年递减趋势(χ2趋势=161.6,P=0.00),超重、肥胖检出率总体均呈现逐年上升趋势(χ2趋势=18.5,P=0.00;χ2趋势=223.2,P=0.00)。女生营养不良检出率均高于男生(P<0.05),男生肥胖检出率均高于女生(P<0.05),多数学年男女生超重检出率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。多数学年中学生营养不良检出率高于小学生(均P<0.05),中学生超重检出率高于小学生(均P<0.05),小学生肥胖检出率高于中学生(均P<0.05)。结论该辖区学生营养状况不容乐观,应将学生营养改善工作作为学生常见病防控的重点。

[Objective]To understand the nutritional status and its change rule among primary and secondary school students in mountainous area of Beijing,provide basis for nutrition improvement in primary and secondary school students.[Methods]The physical examination data of primary and secondary school students in Yanqing County of Beijing were collected through the Health information management system for primary and secondary school students in Beijing,and were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0.[Results]During 2009-2015,the detection rate of obesity in students was the highest（19.6%）,followed by overweight（13.3%）,and the detection rate of malnutrition was the lowest（13.0%）.The detection rate of malnutrition decreased year by year（χ~2 tendency=161.6,P =0.00）,while the detection rate of overweight and obesity both increased year by year（χ~2 tendency=18.5,P =0.00,χ~2 tendency=223.2,P =0.00）.The detection rate of malnutrition in girls was higher than that in boys（P〈0.05）,and the detection rates of obesity in boys was higher than that in girls（P〈0.05）. The difference in detection rate of overweight was not statistically significant between boys and girls（P〈0.05）. Generally,the detection rates of malnutrition in middle school students were higher than those in primary school students（P〈0.05）,the detection rates of overweight in middle school students were higher than those in primary school students（P〈0.05）,and the detection rates of obesity in primary school students were higher than those in middle school students（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The nutritional status among students is not optimistic in this area. The prevention and control of common diseases among students should focus on the nutritional improvement.