地震灾区中小学生卫生知识知晓和行为调查

Investigation on health knowledge awareness and behavior among primary and middle school students in earthquake disaster area

目的了解地震灾区重灾和轻灾区中小学生卫生知识的来源、知晓情况、卫生行为,学校卫生状况和健康教育需求等特点,为灾后长期有针对性地开展卫生防疫及健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,选择昭通市巧家县的3所学校的820名中小学生(小学四、五、六年级和初中生各年级)进行问卷调查。结果巧家地震灾区中小学生卫生知识主要来源于老师(81.83%)、家长(79.63%)和医生(71.95%)。对预防腹泻措施的卫生知识知晓情况,轻灾区均显著高于重灾区(均P<0.01);不喝生水、吃瓜果蔬菜前清洗、餐前洗手、便后洗手、不吃小摊食物5项卫生行为形成率,轻灾区均显著高于重灾区(均P<0.01),女生不喝生水和吃瓜果蔬菜前清洗行为2项卫生形成率显著高于男生(均P<0.01)。学校环境和厕所卫生则是重灾区差于轻灾区。大部分学生(66.71%)希望通过观看电视节目来获取卫生知识。结论教育和卫生部门应重视地震灾区的常规健康教育宣教工作,尤其是地处乡村的重灾区。

[Objective]To understand the source of health knowledge, awareness, behavior of primary and middle school students and the characteristics of sanitary condition and health education requirement of schools in serious and general earthquake disaster areas, and provide the scientific basis for carrying out the epidemic prevention and health education works for a long-term after the disaster.[Methods]With the stratified cluster sampling method, 824 students from three schools of Qiaojia county（four, five and six of primary and all grades of secondary school） were investigated by questionnaires.[Results]The health knowledge of students in Qiaojia earthquake disaster area mainly come from teachers（81.83%）, parents（79.63%） and doctors（71.95%）. The awareness of health knowledge that preventing diarrhea measures in general disaster areas were significantly higher than serious areas（all P〈0.01）. The forming rates of five health behaviors about ＂do not drink unboiled water＂, ＂washing fruits and vegetables before eat＂, ＂washing hands before meals＂, ＂ washing hands after using the toilet＂ and ＂do not eat food stalls＂ in general disaster areas were significantly higher than serious areas（all P〈0.01）. The forming rates of health behaviors about ＂do not drink unboiled water＂ and ＂washing fruits and vegetables before eat＂ of females were significantly higher than that of males（all P〈0.01）. The school environment and toilet sanitation in serious disaster areas were worse than those in general disaster. 66.71% of students hoped to get health knowledge by watching TV.[Conclusion]Education and health departments should attach great importance to the routine health education work in the earthquake disaster areas, especially in rural areas.