中国武术教育的近现代转型研究

On Modern Transformation of the China's Wushu Education

晚近以来,武术在东西文化交锋中不断调适自身,武术教育也找到了与近代社会的结合点,从而实践着自身的近现代转型。依循时间演进轨迹,以重大教育相关历史文化事件为节点,力图置身近现代武术教育发展的场景中,试从清末军旅武术教育没落与体操的独尚、民初由体操的衰落到武术进入正课、国民党政府时期由国术向体育的靠拢以及抗战以迄新中国成立由救国之技向扬国之艺的转变等4个阶段展开探讨。结果显示,近现代视野中的中国武术教育在功能、思想、历程、内容等方面都表现出"一波三折"的流转特征。总体上看,中国武术教育的近现代转型是在与西方体育的竞争中,在离异与回归的曲折道路上将自身改造为"中国式体育"的过程。

Since modem times, Wushu adjusted itself constantly in the oriental and occidental cultures war. At the same time, Wushu education also found its combining point with the modem society and It thus proceeded with its modem transformation. In accordance with chronological path, with historical and cultural events related to great education for the node and try to place ourselves in the development of modem Wushu education scenario, this article discusses from four stage, the de- mise of the military Wushu education and the rise of gymnastics in the late Qing Dynasty, from the decline of gymnastics to Wushu become the formal curriculum in early years of the Republic of China, Guoshu close up sports in the Nationalist Government period, and from the skill for save the nation to carry forward the national pride at the age that from the Anti-Japanese War to the founding of new China. The results show that Chinese martial arts education show the characteristics of full of twists and turns on the function, ideas, process, content, etc. On the whole, modem transformation of the Chinese Wushu education is to reinvent themselves into ＂Chinese sports＂ process in the twists and turns of regression and divorced road in the race with western sports.