姑射山学案的梳理与辨析

Documents Sorting,Analysis and Reflections on Guye Shan's Derivation

《庄子·逍遥游》两次提到"藐姑射之山",一处与今本《山海经》、《列子》一致,位于中土东部近海之地,一处位于"汾水之阳",即今天山西临汾附近,与《隋书·地理志》互为佐证。洪兴祖和朱熹在《楚辞》注解中,都提到中土西部西海有姑射山。姑射山之名源于姑射国人的居住地,姑射人与东夷族后裔蒲姑人有关。姑射、蒲姑上古音同为叠韵连绵词,读音相近。蒲姑国为商代诸侯国,周成王灭蒲姑,国人四散到各地,致使地名出现多处,其中吴地的姑苏便是一支。《庄子》正是借姑射山的扑朔迷离特性,阐述"天下有无齐一"及"不辨即逍遥"的道理。

＂Miaoguye zhi shan＂is mentioned twice in the Chapter ＂Xiaoyaoyou＂of Zhuangzi. One is located in the middle eastern coastal land,the same with that in the modern editions of Shanhaijing and Liezi. The other one is located in the north of Fen River,where is near today＇s Linfen in Shanxi Province,and it can be confirmed with what is described in ＂Dilizhi＂in Sui Shu. Both Hong Xingzu and Zhu Xi suggested in their annotations of Chuci that there was a Guye Mountain by the Xihai Lake in the middle West. The name of Guye Mountain came from the place where Guye people inhabited,who were related with Pugu people,the descendants of Dongyi people. Guye and Pugu had been assonance words with similar pronunciation in prehistory period. Pugu was one of the kingdoms of the Shang Dynasty. After it was conquered by Emperor Zhou Chengwang,Pugu people were scattered around,which resulted in the name of Pugu appearing in many places. One of them was Gusu in Jiangnan areas. It was the complication of Guye Mountain that used by Zhuangzi to explain the way of ＂there is no conformity in the world＂and ＂de-identification is the key to feel free. ＂