冷战初期美国对东欧国家心理战行动探析

An Analysis of the US Psychological Warfare Operations on the East European States in the Early Years of the Cold War

冷战初期,为了瓦解苏联集团,削弱以苏联为首的东方阵营的力量,美国将矛头对准了东欧国家。除了采取政治、经济和军事行动外,美国还采取了被称之为"第四种武器"的心理战,试图通过这一政策武器来实现对东欧的政策目标。通过开展形式多样的心理宣传战以及实施精心策划的心理战计划,美国的心理战行动在东欧国家取得了一定效果,使东欧与苏联之间的关系日趋紧张。对冷战初期美国对东欧国家开展的心理战行动进行探析,有助于推动冷战国际史的研究,同时也能对美国实现政策目标手段的多样性有一个清醒的认识。

In the early years of the Cold War,in order to collapse the Soviet Bloc and undermine the Eastern Camp led by the USSR,the US took not only political,economic and military measures but also the socalled ＂Fourth Weapon＂,the psychological warfare to realize its policy objectives in the East European states.Through the implementation of varied psychological propagandas and carefully-devised psychological operations,the US psychological warfare achieved some effects. Examining the US psychological operations in the East European states can help to further the research on the Cold War and understand the US varied means in realizing its policy objectives.