鲑甲病毒的传入风险评估

Risk Assessment on Introduction of Salmonid Alphavirus

目前我国尚未有发现鲑甲病毒(SAV)感染的相关报道。如果SAV随进口贸易的鱼类进入我国,会给我国的水产养殖业造成很大的损失。为了保障我国水产养殖业的健康发展,针对进境水生动物种类开展了SAV跨境传播的风险评估,并提出了科学的风险管理措施。综合风险分析认为,我国传入SAV的主要威胁是来自疫区的活的大西洋鲑、褐鳟鱼和虹鳟,其次是冰冻和冰鲜的大西洋鲑、褐鳟鱼和虹鳟。建议对活的、冰冻和冰鲜的易感鱼类以及用做鲜活饵料的鱼类,禁止从疫区进口;鱼肉、加工后的制品以及其它非易感鱼类是低风险的,可以自由贸易;对运输活鱼的水、包装等要进行强制常规消毒,无需检测。

At present,Salmonid alphavus（SAV）has not yet entered to China. If it released into China from fish trade,the great losses would be caused to aquaculture. In order to guarantee the healthy development of aquaculture in China,the risk assessment of virus cross-border spread for the related kinds of aquaculture was made,scientific risk management measures were put forward in this paper. The assessment results showed that the main threat factors of SAV introduction were live Atlantic salmon（Salmo salar）,brown trout（S. trutta）and rainbow trout（Oncorhynchus mykiss）,the followed were frozen and iced fishes. Some related suggestions were put forward,including the import prohibition of the live,frozen and iced susceptible fish,as well as the fishes used in fresh bait production form epidemic areas. The risk of fish meat,processed fish products and other non-susceptible fishes was low,these kinds of products could be free traded. The water and packages used for live fish transport should be enforced to conduct routine disinfection,and the disinfection of SAV should not be needed.