基于GIS和PRA的高黎贡山自然保护区周边社区发展研究

Analysis of Community Development Adjacent to Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve based on GIS and PRA

自然保护区的生物多样性保护和周边社区的社会经济发展密切相关。以高黎贡山国家级自然保护区周边不同海拔和距离范围的3个农村社区为例,通过高分辨率卫星影像解译的土地覆被情况,了解土地利用和产业发展状况,并通过参与式农村快速评估(PRA)掌握社区经济发展与产业结构调整的关系,分析周边社区产业转型及其对自然保护区生物多样性资源依赖的改变。结果显示:周边社区的土地利用、产业结构和经济来源已从原来的高度依赖保护区自然资源转变为以经济林种植为主的发展模式,经济林种植获得的收入占到农民人均收入的66%以上;离自然保护区最近的汉龙村依托缓冲区丰富的鸟类资源开展生态旅游,形成了以服务业为主的产业链条,其产生的经济效益达人均收入的12.85%。由此可知,自然保护区建立30余年来,特别是通过实施生物多样性保护和社区发展项目,促进了周边社区的产业结构调整和社会经济发展,协调了生物多样性保护和社区发展之间的关系。

Conservation of biodiversity in nature reserve is closely related to socioeconomic development of its adjacent communities. Based on a gradient of elevation and the distance to Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve （ GNR）, three adjacent villages were selected as the case in this study. To understand land use and industrial development of these three villages, the land cover maps were made base on visual interpretation of high resolution image data （ SPOT 5 image with 2.5 m resolution）, and the Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） was used. The shift of dependences of adjacent communities on the biodiversity resources in the GNR was elucidated through analysis of the industrial restructuring. The results showed that land use, industrial development and income sources that used to highly rely on natural resources in the GNR has been shifted dramatically in the adjacent communities. Cash tree planting brought more than 66% incomes for households. Furthermore, a full chain in services sector has been emerged in Hanlong Village that is the closest community through development of ecotourism industry based on rich bird divesity resources in the buffer zone of the GNR, which contributed 12. 85% of income per capita. The results indicated that after more than 30 years of its establishment, GNR has facilitated the industrial restructuring and socioeconomic development in its adjacent communities through implementation of biodiversity conservation and community development programs. The relationships between biodiversity conservation and community development have been improved at the same time.