中国森林生物多样性监测:科学基础与执行计划

Chinese forest biodiversity monitoring:scientific foundations and strategic planning

中国森林生物多样性保护和恢复措施的制订依赖于生物多样性的监测信息。设计一个有效的生物多样性监测网络是一项复杂的系统工程。监测网络的设计框架可分为监测目标、监测对象、监测指标、取样策略、数据采集和处理、网络维护以及组织工作等几个部分。目前,国际上已有5个得到广泛认可的生物多样性监测网络,包括地球观测组织–生物多样性监测网络、全球森林监测网络、热带生态评估与监测网络、泛欧洲森林监测网络和亚马逊森林清查网络,它们的监测目标、监测内容和方法、样地布局及部分监测成果各有特色。我们试图在全国生物多样性监测、森林资源清查和森林生态系统定位研究的基础上,通过网络布局、建设和运行,形成中国森林生物多样性监测网(Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network,Sino BON-CFor Bio)及其监测规范体系。该网络的科学目标是,在全国尺度上研究不同典型地带性森林的生物多样性维持机制、监测森林生物多样性变化并阐明其机理、研究生物多样性变化的效应。该网络布局以《中国植被区划》中的森林植被区划成果作为顶层设计和监测样地选择的核心依据,设计了4个层级的监测系统;其监测指标体系以生物多样性核心指标为主,并结合我国传统森林群落调查方法进行拓展;预期建成国家水平上的森林生物多样性监测网络,阐明森林生物多样性维持机制和生物多样性变化的效应,同时对重大生态保护工程的生物多样性保护效果进行有效性监测和验证型监测。

The management and restoration of forest biodiversity is strongly dependent on information re- garding biodiversity monitoring. The design of a monitoring network consists of monitoring objects and var- iables, an effective sampling strategy, data collection and analyses, network maintenance, and organization. Firstly, we reviewed the roles of these components in designing an effective monitoring network. We then in- troduced five large biodiversity networks, namely, GEO BON （Group on Earth Observations-Biodiversity Observation Network）, ForestGEO （Forest Global Earth Observatory）, TEAM （Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network）, Pan-European Forest Monitoring Network, and RAINFOR （Amazonian Forest Inventory Network）. Finally, we reviewed the history of Chinese forest biodiversity monitoring, and put for- ward the aims, monitoring variables and methods, and sampling strategy for forests in the Chinese Biodiver- sity Monitoring Network. Chinese forest biodiversity monitoring was based on a national forest resource inventory and long-term research of forests ecosystem from 1970s to 1980s. Regulations and methods of bio- diversity monitoring were defined during the establishment and operation of the Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Networks （Sino BON-CForBio）. Sino BON-CForBio has important achievements in biodiversity