黄渤海甲壳类的分类多样性

Taxonomic diversity of crustaceans in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

为了解黄渤海甲壳类的分类多样性特征,我们统计了2010–2015年中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所调查捕获的黄渤海甲壳类(软甲纲:十足目与口足目)物种名录。结合历史文献,进一步系统整理得到黄渤海甲壳类物种总名录。基于这2个名录,应用分类阶元包含指数(the inclusion index at taxonomic level,TINCLi)、平均分类差异指数(average taxonomic distinctness index,Δ+)和分类差异变异指数(variation in taxonomic distinctness index,Λ+)研究了其分类多样性特征。结果显示:2010–2015年调查名录中,甲壳类共93种,隶属于2目39科66属,其中10种为新分布种;对虾科、藻虾科、长臂虾科、梭子蟹科和弓蟹科的物种数最多,合计占总物种数的38.71%;TINCLi分别为1.41种/属和2.38种/科;Δ+和Λ+分别为50.25和35.20。总名录中,甲壳类共228种,隶属于2目53科123属,其中藻虾科、豆蟹科、对虾科、弓蟹科和鼓虾科的物种数最多,合计占总物种数的30.70%;TINCLi分别为1.85种/属和4.30种/科,Δ+和Λ+分别为50.18和30.87。对虾科的相对丰富度指数(the relative richness index,Rr)最高(100),其次是梭子蟹科(71.43)和长臂虾科(62.50),豆蟹科最低(6.25)。黄渤海甲壳类的平均分类差异指数(Δ+)明显小于鱼类(P<0.05)。2010–2015年调查的Δ+计算值高于理论值,且在理论值的95%置信区间内,说明黄渤海甲壳类群落正处在中等程度的干扰中。

To reveal the taxonomic diversity of crustaceans in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, a species list of crustaceans （Malacostraca： Decapoda and Stomatopoda） was obtained by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, using survey data collected by bottom trawling from 2010 to 2015. A total species list of crustaceans was also obtained by combining the species list above with historical literature. Based on the above two lists, the inclusion index at taxonomic level （TINCL3, average taxonomic distinctness index （△＋） and variation in taxonomic distinctness index （△＋） were computed. A total of 93 spe- cies of crustaceans, belonging to 2 orders, 39 families, and 66 genera, were recorded from 2010 to 2015. Among these, 10 species were newly recorded. Penaeidae, Hippolytidae, Palaemonidae, Portunidae and Va- runidae were among the top 5 families, accounting for 38.71% of the total species. TINCLi were 1.41 spe- cies/genus and 2.38 species/family, respectively. △＋and △＋were 50.25 and 35.20, respectively. According to the total species list, a total of 228 species of crustaceans were recorded, belonging to 2 orders, 53 families, and 123 genera. Hippolytidae, Pinnotheridae, Penaeidae, Varunidae and Alpheidae were among the top 5 families, accounting for 30.70% of the total species. TINCLiwere 1.85 species/genus and 4.30 species/family. A＋ and A＋were 50.18 and 30.87, respectively. The relative richness index （Rr） of Penaeidae （100） was the highest, followed by Portunidae （71.43） and Palaemonidae （62.50）. The relative richness index （Rr） of Pin- notheridae （6.25） was the lowest. The average taxonomic distinctness index （△＋） of crustaceans was less than that of fish in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea （P 〈 0.05）. The value of A＋ calculated by recent surveys was higher than the theoretical value and was within the 95% confidence intervals. This result shows that crustacean species in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were being intermediately disturbed.