新疆维吾尔自治区疏附县中小学生病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查

Status of seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B and C in primary and middle school students in Shufu county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）疏附县中小学生甲、乙、丙型病毒性肝炎流行情况及评估免疫接种效果。方法 2015年2-5月通过整群随机抽样方法对疏附县4个乡镇中小学生进行病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查，检测HAV-IgG、HBsAg、HBsAb和HCV-IgG。结果 疏附县4 830名中小学生HAV-IgG阳性率为99.75%，男生为99.92%，女生为99.57%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.798，P=0.016）；HBsAg阳性率为3.02%，男生为3.55%，女生为2.47%，差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.782，P=0.029）；各年龄组的HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=71.990，P=0.000），农村地区（3.28%）高于城镇地区（1.61%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.019，P=0.014）；HBsAb阳性率为38.84%，各年龄组的HBsAb阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=837.699，P=0.000），城镇地区（42.36%）高于农村地区（38.20%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.598，P=0.032）。HBsAg和HBsAb均为阴性的学生有2 815人，占总人数的58.28%。HCV-IgG阳性率为0.19%，阳性者均为维吾尔族农村学生。结论 疏附县中小学生甲型肝炎疫苗的免疫效果较好，处于乙型肝炎免疫空白状态的学生较多，丙型肝炎感染率较低，应及时对适龄儿童进行免疫接种和查漏补种。

Objective To explore the status of seroepidemiology on hepatitis A, B and C in primary and middle school students in Shufu county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China （Xinjiang） and to evaluate the effect of related immunization. Methods Students in four towns and villages were selected by cluster random sampling method. HAV-IgG, HBsAg, HBsAb and HCV-IgG were detected in Feb to May, 2015. Results The overall HAV-IgG positive rate was 99.75%, among 4 830 primary and middle school students. The positive rates were seen 99.92% in boys and 99.57% in girls, with difference statistically significant （χ2=5.798, P=0.016）. The overall HBsAg positive rate appeared as 3.02%, with 3.55% for boys and 2.47% for girls, with difference statistically significant （χ2=4.782, P=0.029）. The difference between age specific HBsAg positive rates also showed statistically significant （χ2=71.990,P=0.000）. HBsAg positive rate in the students in rural area （3.28%） was higher than that in the students in urban area （1.61%, χ2=6.019, P=0.014）. HBsAb positive rate was 38.84%, and the differences between the age specific HBsAb positive rates appeared statistically significant （χ2=837.699, P=0.000）. HBsAg positive rate in students from the urban area （42.36%） was higher than those from the rural area （38.20%, χ2=4.598, P=0.032）. 2 815 students, accounting for 58.28% of the total students, showed negative on both HBsAg and HBsAb. The overall HCV-IgG positive rate was 0.19%, and all appeared in students from the rural areas, with ethnicity solely as Uygur. Conclusions The effect of hepatitis A vaccine was satisfactory in primary and middle school students in Shufu county but quiet a number of the students missed the vaccination. The infection rate of hepatitis C was low. Publicity and health education on hepatitis immunization and control should be revved up. Programs regarding primary and supplementary immunization on hepatitis, should be carried out timely for children of school age.