汉语虚词的再思考

Reflections on Chinese Empty Words

主张根据词的语法功能标准(包括句法功能、语义功能、语用功能)划分实词和虚词,认为在辨类方法上可以简化为采用直观的句法功能标准:凡能单独充当句法成分的词,是实词;凡不能单独充当句法成分,而只是依附于实词性词语或插加于句子的某个部分,在组语造句中能表达添显功能的,是虚词。根据添显功能,可以把汉语的虚词分为7类:连词、助词、介词、语气词、量词、方位词、插加词。

According to the word grammatical function standard（including the syntactic,semantic,pragmatic function）,the words can be classified into content words and empty words.In terms of the way of recognizing the word classification,words can be easily and directly classified in accordance with the syntactic function standard.If a word can become a syntactic component word,it is a content word,while if a word cannot become a syntactic component,it is an empty word.In the process of forming phrases or sentences,the empty words in the aspect of pragmatics have the＂addhighlight function＂.According to the add-highlight function,empty words can be divided into seven categories：conjunction,auxiliary word,preposition,modal particle,measure word,orientation word and insertion word.