大学教师的收入压缩——基于“2014中国大学教师调查”的实证分析

Salary Compression in Faculty Salaries:An Empirical Analysis Based on 2014 Faculty Survey in China

收入压缩指的是由非生产性因素导致的不同群体的员工之间应达到的收入差距未达到的现象。基于"2014中国大学教师调查"的数据,作者实证分析了多群体的大学教师收入问题。研究发现,中国大学不同工作年限的教师之间存在着显著的收入压缩,且教龄最长的教师组与教龄在6年内的教师组之间的收入压缩度最大。不同地域、学科和大学层次的教师群体的收入压缩度存在差异:西部高于东部和中部,社会科学高于人文科学、工学和理学,一般四年制本科大学高于"211工程"大学,但在"985工程"大学中,不同教龄教师组之间却存在着与收入压缩相反方向的"收入扩张",即由非生产性因素导致的长短教龄教师之间理应达到的收入差距得以扩大。

Salary compression refers to the situation where the salary gap between different social groups narrows compared to what it should be, given the influence of non-productivity factors. Based on the data from 2014 faculty survey in China, the authors conduct an empirical study on salary issues in varied faculty groups. It finds that the salary compression between faculty groups with different years of employment is significant and faculty with the longest years of employment face the highest degree of salary compression compared to those with less than 6 years of employment. The degree of salary compression varies by region, disciplinary background and type of institution. The degree of salary compression in faculty salaries in western universities is higher than those in eastern and central ones. The degree of salary compression in social sciences is higher than in humanities, engineering and natural sciences. The degree of salary compression in regular undergraduate institutions is higher than in Project 211 universities. However, in Project 985 universities, salary expansion between faculty groups with different years of employment exists, which is contrary to salary compression. That is the situation where salary gap between faculty groups with different years of employment broadens compared to what it should be.