WTO补贴协定中“公共机构”认定标准研究——以DS379案为例

Identification Standards for “Public Body”at SCM: Taking Case DS379 for Example

根据世界贸易组织《补贴与反补贴措施协定》,确认一项补贴成立的先决条件是要首先确认该补贴是由一国政府或公共机构提供的,因此,对公共机构这一补贴主体的认定就成为首先要解决的问题。然而无论是世界贸易组织还是其他国家或国际组织均没有对这一概念作出清晰明确的规定。在DS379案中,争议焦点之一便是对"公共机构"认定标准的争论。本文针对此问题,详细分析了该案专家组和上诉机构的报告,研究了美国商务部作出的最新相关裁定及备忘录,探讨了"公共机构"争论的来源,明确了"公共机构"这一概念的认定标准的实质,并针对中国在此案中的不足提出意见和改进建议。

According to the Subsidies and Countervailing Measure Agreement,the main body which supplies subsidies is government or public body. Although the first important problem is to assert the standard of public body,there is no specific provision in WTO law can explains this term. In the case DS379,one of the main disputes is the identification of ＂public body＂. This paper analyzes the report of the WTO expert panel and appeal body,and studies the latest related memorandum released by Department of Commerce,USA,discusses the source of argument of ＂public body＂,then,confirms the identification criteria of ＂public body ＂ in essence,and brings suggestions and purposeful refection measures to Chinese state- owned business.