棉籽壳菇渣复配基质理化性质分析及其对黄瓜幼苗的影响

Chemical and physical property of compounded substrate by cottonseed hull mushroom residue and its effects on cucumber seedlings

以草炭∶蛭石2∶1为基础基质和对照,设计了1.5、1、0.5、0体积的基础基质分别与0.5、1、1.5、2体积的棉籽壳菇渣复配4种基质处理,分别编号为T1、T2、T3、T4,对各复配基质基本理化性质进行了分析,并研究了对黄瓜幼苗生长发育和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明,各菇渣复配基质的容重随菇渣含量增加呈递减趋势,其中T1、T2、T3大于对照。总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、持水孔隙度均随着菇渣含量增加而降低,其中,4个处理的总孔隙度、通气孔隙度均小于对照,T1、T2、T3持水孔隙度高于对照,4个处理的气水比在1∶3.75~1∶4.47之间。pH值、EC值和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均随着菇渣比例增加而明显升高,pH值在5.02~7.41之间,EC值在2.81~5.21 m S·cm^(-1)之间,营养丰富。不同菇渣基质配方培育的黄瓜幼苗茎粗度由粗到细表现为T1>T2>T3>CK>T4,植株高度由高到低表现为T1>T2>CK>T3>T4,T4出现生长受抑制的趋势。生物量和壮苗指数由大到小均为T1>T2>T3>T4>CK。说明T1、T2配方可以替代草炭-蛭石配方用于黄瓜育苗。

In this study, the basic medium（ peat .. vermiculite = 2 .- 1 in volume） was chosen as control and basic medium was designed to be new compounded substrate which werel.5,1,0.5,0 volum basic medium mixed with 0.5,1,1.5,2 volume cottonseed hull mushroom residue. These four treatments were numbered T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. The results showed that the bulk density decreased with the proportional increase of mushroom residue in the four designed prescrip- tions. The total-porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity changed the same as the bulk density. The total-po- rosity and the aeration porosity of all the four treatments were lower than those of the contrast, otherwise, the water-holding porosity of T1, T2, T3 were higher than that of the contrast. The air and water ratio of the treatments were between 1 ： 3.75 and 1：4.47. The pH （at the range of 5.02 to 7.41）, the EC （at the range of 2.81 to 5.21 mS. cm-1）, alkaline nitrogen, avail- able phosphorus and available potassium all increased with the increase of mushroom residue which contained rich nutri- tion. For the cucumber seedlings, sorted in descending order, the stem diameter was TI〉T2〉T3〉CK〉T4, the height was TI〉 T2〉CK〉T3〉T4, the biomass and the seedling strength index was TI〉T2〉T3〉T4〉CK, so T1 and T2 were the ideal candi- dates to replace the peat-vermiculite substrate.