卢卡奇与海德格尔物化问题分析与比较研究

Analysis and Comparison of Lukács and Heidegger's Theory of Reification

卢卡奇从商品关系入手,认为物化在商品形式普遍化的资本主义社会才成为问题。海德格尔则一方面认为此在处处面临着使自身凝固为现成物的物化危险,这种危险体现在寻求根据的传统形而上学中;另一方面认为在作为座架的现代技术这种解蔽方式中此在面临着最高的物化危险。座架这种解蔽方式与商品形式都显示为合理化的机械系统。他们二人都关注意识上对物化本质的反思与觉醒,但卢卡奇落脚于无产阶级对资本主义生活形式的实践性改造来扬弃物化问题,而海德格尔则使人们从技术之解蔽方式外开显出生存实践的多重意义。

Aiming at the commodity relation,Lukács thought reification become to be a problem only in capitalist society where the commodity form was generalized.However,Heidegger thought that on one hand Dasein was facing with the danger of reification which made himself solidify as a ready-made object everywhere,and this danger was reflected in traditional metaphysics which explored the ground,on the other Dasein was facing with the largest danger in modern technology which he regarded as Gestell,which was a manner of demasking. Both Gestell as a manner of demasking and commodity form are showed as rational mechanical system.They both laid emphasis on the reflection on the essence of reification in consciousness,but Lukács ＇s goal was to sublate the reification through practical transformation which the proletariat would do on life form of capitalist,Heidegger let human explore multiple meanings of practical existence aparted from the manner of demasking of technology.