试论解放战争初期中共领导的献田运动

A Discusson on the Movement of Donating Land Led by the CCP at the Initial Stage of the War of Liberation

抗战结束以后,中央根据革命形势的发展要求尽快解决土地问题。解放区基于国共和谈的大局,利用了地主士绅为拥军优抗曾经采取过的献田方式,后中央在"五四指示"中对献田作了原则性规定。解放区遵照指示创造了灵活多样的促进献田措施并积极实践,从1946年7月到1947年3月掀起了大范围的献田运动。不同解放区开展运动的时间有先后,到1946年10月以后,整个解放区出现了结束献田、继续献田和开始献田的交错发展态势。献田运动对革命的发展有一定的阻碍作用,但从总体上看,主要发挥了积极作用。

After the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the CCPCC commanded the liberated areas to solve the problem of land based on the development of revolutionary situation as soon as possible. According to the overall situation of the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the liberated areas used the way of donating land that was taken by the landlords and the gentry to support the army and military families. Subsequently The CCPCC set basal principles of donating land in the May 4th Instruction. The liberated areas created the flexible and diverse measures for promoting to donate land and actively carried them out according to the instructions. The largescale campaign was carried out from July 1946 to March 1947. The beginning of the movement was not consistent in different areas. The whole liberated areas＇ donating land appeared the staggered development situation of finishing, continuing and starting after October 1946. The movement of donating land hindered the revolution to some extent, but mainly played a positive role in general.