“后信任社会”视域下的风险治理研究嬗变及趋向

Study on Risk Governance in the Perspective of “Post-trust Society”:Its Evolution and Trends

传统社会构建基于权威和个体信任,现代社会的构建在很大程度上是确立系统信任,尤其是专家系统信任的过程,信任品性为社会发展提供了动力支撑,风险使人类步入了"后信任社会"。后信任社会对专家角色、互动机制、政策框架进行了重构,风险研究呈现出新动向,表现在:由专家诠释风险转向风险感知构建的公众参与;由单向风险沟通机制转向风险沟通的多元互动机制;由外在的风险管理转向内生的风险治理模式。运用社会学的分析工具和学术话语对风险展开多维度研究,反思"后信任社会"的风险机制,构建转型期的社会信任体系有助于增强风险感知、促进风险沟通和风险治理政策制定,对破解社会发展中的风险困境具有重要意义。

The pre-modern society mainly based on authority and individual trust, while the rise of modern society could be viewed as a shaping process of system trust, the expert system in particular. The ethos of trust provides impetus for social development. Yet the coming of risk makes the society step into ‘post-trust society＇. The ‘post-trust society＇ has rebuilt the characteristics of experts, the interaction mechanism and policy structure. The study of risk governance leads to a new trend. It is illustrated in three relevant dimensions： firstly, the public begin to participate into the risk perception instead of risks defined fully by the expert system; secondly, the oneway mode of risk communication mechanism has been replaced by the multiple ones; thirdly, the internal way of risk governance has shown its superiority over the external way of risk management. The multi-dimensional approaches of risk research in social sciences are beneficial for reflecting the risk communication mechanism in ‘post-trust society. And thus, it is of significance to build the social trust system in transforming period full of social risk plights, which will lead to more effective risk communication and better policies of risk governance.