自然主义视野中的“直觉问题”

“The Problem of Intuition” in the Naturalism's Perspective

对直觉(Intuition)的关注一直是西方哲学的重要维度,传统观点把直觉看作知识的重要基础和评判标准,直觉方法更被看作是哲学特有的优先方法。但是"直觉是什么?直觉是否具有证据意义?以直觉为方法的传统哲学是否合理?"三个问题却并没有得到很好的解释,它们构成了当前哲学界尤其是知识论领域直觉探讨的焦点。基于当前自然主义与传统直觉辩护者在这些问题上的争论,论文认为传统直觉观点的核心问题是过分解读直觉的可信赖性,而过强的自然主义则威胁到了哲学的自主性和权威性。主张采用一种"最低限度的"自然主义来维系二者之间的张力,从而尝试为哲学提供经验的基础,同时丰富哲学论证的方式。

The problem of intuition is an important aspect of western philosophy. A traditional view is that intuition is an important foundation and criterion of knowledge, so the method of intuition is unique for philosophy. But what is an intuition？ Is it a proof？ Is the traditional philosophy based on the method of intuition？ These questions are still open, and become the focus of epistemology. From the argument on the questions, I hold the opinion that the weakness of traditional view is a too-much position on the reliability of intuition, on the other hand, the stranger naturalism threats the autonomy and authority. I propose a minimum naturalism as experienced foundation to balance the tension and to add the method of philosophy.