马克思为什么要“消灭劳动”?

Why Did Marx Put Forward the Idea of Aufhebung der Arbeit ?

国内理论界对于马克思提出的"消灭劳动"有两种不同的理解,一种认为"消灭劳动"不是消灭一般的物质生产劳动,而是消灭那种被迫的异化劳动或剥削人的雇佣劳动,另一种则认为"消灭劳动"是指人类最终退出物质生产领域。这两种理解都有一定的文本论据,但也都面临着一些理论困难。马克思所说的"消灭劳动"有特定的内涵,分别是在劳动的特定社会历史形式、旧社会存在基础上讨论"消灭劳动"或"劳动终止"的,而人类解放与自由全面发展的程度取决于劳动被"消灭"的程度。

There are two different understandings about Aufhebung der Arbeit which was proposed by Marx. According to one opinion, Aufhebung der Arbeit is not to eliminate the labor as material production, but to exterminate the alienated labor or exploitative labor. According to another opinion, Aufhebung der Arbeit refers to the human dropping out of the field of material production finally. Both of them have their own textual evidences and face some theoretical difficulties. Aufhebung der Arbeit proposed by Marx has its specific connotation. On the one hand, Aufhebung der Arbeit means to eliminate the labor with the basis of specific social and historical form and old social system. On the other hand, human＇s liberation and development depends on the degree of Aufhebung der Arbeit.