新疆南疆地区甲型肝炎发病危险因素的病例对照研究

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Hepatitis A Cases in the South of Xinjiang

目的探讨新疆南疆地区甲肝发病的危险因素,为采取针对性防治措施,进一步减少甲肝发病提供依据。方法以新疆南疆5地州2013年的124例甲型肝炎散发病例为研究对象,进行1∶1配比的病例对照研究,用条件Logistic回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果新疆南疆5地州甲肝发病的主要因素为发病前接触甲肝患者、使用土井水、喝生水习惯、生吃瓜果卫生差、就餐卫生差、饭前不洗手这6个因素,其中饭前不洗手、喝生水习惯和就餐卫生差为主要危险因素。结论进一步加强新疆南疆五地州基础卫生设施建设,改善供水系统,加强卫生宣传教育,提高人们的卫生意识和自我保护能力,加大对现有土井的消毒力度,有望减少新疆南疆地区甲肝的发生。

Objective To discuss the risk factors of Hepatitis A in the south of Xinjiang and provide evidence for reducing the incidence of hepatitis A by taking specific control measures. Methods A case - control study at a ratio of 1 ： 1 was conducted in 124 sporadic cases of hepatitis A in the south of Xinjiang in 2013, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the conditional Logistic regression model. Results The following factors were the main factors affecting hepatitis A in the south of Xinjiang ： contacting with the patients with hepatitis A, using soil well water, habit of drinking raw water, poor health conditions in eating fruits, not washing hands before meals, among them not washing hands before meals, the habit of drinking raw water and poor health conditions in eating were the major risk factors. Conclusion To reduce the incidence of hepatitis A in the south of Xinjiang, the following measures should be taken ： enhancing infrastructure construction, upgrading the water supply facilities, strengthening health education, improving people＇s health awareness and self- protection and intensifying disinfection of native wells.