桥梁或枷锁:日本资源教室“通级指导”模式

Bridge or Shackles:The Development of “Tsukyu Class”(Resource Rooms) in Japan

"通级指导"是日本1993年设立在普通中小学的资源教室模式的统称,是日本结合国外融合教育理念与本土特殊教育实践的典型代表。"通级指导"在其发展过程中经历了从"分离"到"融合"的日本特殊教育范式转变,在结构与教育对象、课程与教学、师资与服务体系等方面均作出了调整与改革。当前的"通级指导"是连接日本普通学校和特殊学校的桥梁,是日本融合教育实施的主场,但同时又受到相对保守的日本教育体制的影响,使其专业化过程中表现出种种矛盾性,极大地限制了其在融合教育中的积极作用。

＂Tsukyu class＂ is a general designation for resource rooms in general school established in 1993 in Japan. It is also a typical model which combining inclusive education theory and special education practice in Japan. ＂Tsukyu class＂ had been experienced the paradigm shift from segregation to inclusion, and adjusted its structure, educational object , teacher education and related service systems.Presently, ＂Tsukyu class＂ is a bridge connecting the general school and special school, nevertheless, it receives comparatively conservative influence of Japanese it＇ s specialization , which greatly restricts educational system , led to various issues during it＇ s positive role in inclusive education.