从实证研究看马斯洛的需求发展模式的非普适性

Non-universality of Maslow's Need Development Model with Empirical Research

马斯洛认为人的五层需要——生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要及自我实现需要一般是由低级到高级逐步发展上升的。但实证研究的结果表明,由于意识形态、民族、阶级、年龄及个人主观能动性等因素的影响,需求的分层、分等及其发展顺序都具有多样性,因而马斯洛的需求发展模式并不具有普适性。

Maslow thought individual＇s five-level basic needs--hysiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization--are developing and escalating from the lower level to the next higher level, but the findings of empirical research suggest： influenced by the factors such as ideologies, ethnic groups, classes, age as well as individual subjective initiative and so on, the layering, grading verse, which denies the universality ofMaslow＇s need development model and development order of needs are diverse, which denies the universality ofMaslow＇s need development model.