抗污染PVA/PVDF电纺纳米纤维复合超滤膜的制备及过滤性能

Preparation and Filtration Performance of Antifouling PVA/PVDF Composite Ultrafiltration Membrane Based on Electrospinning Technology

以聚对苯二甲酸二醇酯(PET)无纺布为基底,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维为支撑层,聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维膜为分离层,采用静电纺丝法制备超滤膜,并用水/丙酮混合溶液对复合纳米纤维膜表面进行溶液处理,再加入戊二醛交联改性得到致密分离层.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)表征了复合超滤膜的表面,用水接触角(WCA)表征复合超滤膜的亲水性.在0.02 MPa恒压下死端过滤油/水乳液,测试复合超滤膜的过滤性能.结果表明,最优条件下制备的复合超滤膜死端过滤油/水乳液的通量为(42.50±4.78)L/(m^2·h),截留率达到(95.72±0.33)%;循环使用5次后,依然具有较好的过滤性能,常压下死端过滤复合超滤膜的纯水通量为(3469±28)L/(m^2·h).

A composite ultrafiltration membrane containning polyethylene terephthalate（PET） non-woven fabric substrate and poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF） nanofibers as support layer,polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）nanofiber membrane for barrier layer was prepared using electrospinning method. A mixture of acetone and water solution was used for crosslinking treatment to form the dense barrier layer. The ultrafiltration membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy,scanning electron micrograph（SEM）and water contact angle（WCA）. Filtration performance of the resulting PVA/PVDF composite ultrafiltration membranes was evaluated by the oil/water emulsions separation system. The results showed that the optimal composite ultrafiltration membrane possessed general flux [（42. 50 ± 4. 78） L/（m2·h） ] and high rejection rate[（95. 72±0. 33） %] at very low feeding pressure（0. 02 MPa）,after 5 times recycled,it still has good filter performance. The pure water flux using the dead- end filtrationof composite ultrafiltration membrane at atmospheric pressure was [（3469±28） L/（m2·h） ].