美国家长教师协会参与学校治理研究

The Research on Parent-Teacher Association Participating in School Governance

家长教师协会作为美国最大的儿童保护志愿者协会,在教育治理中发挥了重要作用。其参与学校治理主要通过以下三种方式:影响财政经费分配,并为学校筹措资金;辅助学校教育教学活动;为学生日常生活提供服务;参与学校监督、决策,为学校改革发展提供建议。PTA以"儿童"为中心的目标使命,辅以会员制的参与形式,使其群众基础广泛、牢固;相对成熟的三级组织体系,为PTA系统规范地组织、参与项目活动提供了保障;PTA与学校彼此非隶属的协同合作关系,为其工作带来便利;重视自身计划、标准与章程建设,利用民主与信息公开,加强了PTA的自身约束。笔者认为要重视中国家长委员会的系统建设。

As the largest volunteer child advocacy association, Parent-Teacher Association of the USA plays a pivotal role in education governance. It participates in school governance mainly in the following ways： affect fiscal budget allocation and raise funds for school; offer assistance for education and teaching activities; service students＇ daily life; take part in school supervision and decision-making, and put forward for school＇s reform and development. We need consider the following factors as to the reason why PTA can play an important role in school governance： the child-centered mission and the membership form of participation make its mass base wide and firm; Relatively mature organization system provide guarantee for its holding and participating activities; the collaborative relationship with the school brings convenience for its work; emphasis on plan, standard and regulation construction, at the same time, making use of democracy and open information to strengthen its self-discipline. We should attach great importance to the system construction of the China＇s parent committees.