钽材轧制和再结晶织构演变研究进展

Progress in Rolling and Recrystallization Textures of Tantalum

钽作为一种稀有难熔金属,耐化学腐蚀、电子迁移率低、延展性好、价格昂贵,常用在具有特殊性能要求的苛刻环境中。近些年来,钽材的生产工艺逐步改进,性能不断提高,但生产过程中其晶粒不可避免地会出现择优取向,即织构。织构能明显影响钽材的性能,不同用途的钽制品对织构的要求也不同,深冲时要求有强烈的{111}织构,溅射时需要织构均匀分布。轧制工艺和再结晶退火作为改变晶体材料各向异性的主要手段,前者可影响滑移系的激活和晶粒的转动状态,形成不同的轧制织构,后者能使特定取向的晶粒优先形核并快速长大,形成再结晶织构。国内外对金属材料的织构进行了大量研究,然而主要集中于钢铁和面心立方晶粒材料,对于钽这样的稀贵金属的织构研究较少。主要综述了钽材在轧制和再结晶过程中织构的变化规律,重点介绍了钽材冷轧和再结晶织构演变的研究现状及最新进展。

The refractory tantalum as one of the expensive rare metals has good chemical erosion resistant,duc-tility and low electron mobility,widely used in severe conditions where specific performances are required.Recently, processing techniques of tantalum have been developed to improve its property.However,the preferred orientation of the grains during processing causes texture to influence the performance of tantalum products,such as strong {1 1 1}texture improves capacity of deep-drawing plates,while sputtering usually requests uniform textures.Moreover,ro-lling and recrystallized annealing are the two primary methods to change the anisotropy of crystals materials.During the rolling process,activation of different slip systems and rotation of grains form various rolling textures,while nu-cleation and growth of grains with particular orientations generate recrystallization textures.Studies on the texture of metal have been widely conducted in the world.However,these studies mainly concentrated on steels and face cen-tered cubic crystal materials,the textures of rare precious metals like tantalum are rarely concerned.Therefore,this work reviews the evolution rule of texture in tantalum during cold rolling and recrystallization,and then put emphasis on the research status and its new development.