空间装备摩擦学部件服役工况分析

Analysis on Service Conditions of Frictional Parts in Space Equipment

航天任务的复杂程度和时限逐步加大,对空间装备零部件的可靠性和寿命要求越来越高,空间装备中各机械摩擦部件能否正常运转和达到预期寿命已成为航天任务能否顺利完成的关键因素。对主要空间装备摩擦学部件的运动工况进行总结,指出空间摩擦学部件涉及较宽的速度和载荷范围,且常处于连续工作、多次"启-停"或间歇操作等复杂的运动状态,并归纳分析直接影响摩擦、磨损和润滑问题的主要空间环境因素,即高真空、快速温变和极端温度、强辐射、原子氧、微重力以及微流星和空间碎片,提出未来我国可以从空间环境效应以及空间润滑材料的设计制备两方面进行深入研究,从而大大提高空间装备摩擦学部件的服役寿命和可靠性。

Nowadays, space missions become especially complex and time lasting, which requires high reliability and long lifetime of the components in space equipment.The reliability and service life of frictional parts in space equipment becomes the critical factors that directly affect the result of space missions.The motion states of the major frictional parts in space equipment were summarized, it was indicated that those parts, which have relatively broad speed and load ranges, are always in a status of continuous work,multi-times ＂start-stop＂ or intermittent operation.The main space environment fac- tors that directly influence the friction, wear and lubricant problems were analyzed, i. e., high vacuum, rapid temperature changing and extreme temperature, intense radiation, atomic oxygen, microgravity, micrometeor and space debris.It was sug- gested that, in-depth study on space environment effect and space lubricating materials are necessary for China in future to largely increase the service life and reliability of frictional parts in space equipment.