一种以鱼鳞为原料的多产物联产工艺的建立与优化

Study on the joint production technology of multi-products from fish scale

鱼鳞中含有丰富的胶原和钙,可以作为生产胶原类产品和补钙产品的原料。为了提高鱼鳞的综合利用效果,解决鱼类加工过程中因副产物污染产生的环境问题,本研究以鱼鳞为原料,研究联合生产有机酸钙、胶原和胶原蛋白肽的工艺。具体地,鱼鳞先经过超声波辅助柠檬酸脱灰制备柠檬酸钙,再采用超声波辅助胃蛋白酶提取胶原,最后将提取胶原后的鱼鳞残渣用于制备胶原蛋白肽,并对所建立的联产工艺进行验证。结果表明,鱼鳞脱灰制备柠檬酸钙的条件为:超声波功率120 W,料液比1∶20 g/m L,柠檬酸浓度6%,处理时间180 min,草鱼鳞、鲢鱼鳞、沙丁鱼鳞的脱灰率分别为97.8%、97.6%、98.1%;胶原提取条件为:超声波功率180 W,料液比1∶20 g/m L,胃蛋白酶用量2000 U/g,处理时间8 h,草鱼鳞、鲢鱼鳞、沙丁鱼鳞胶原溶出率分别为40.1%、42.2%、56.2%;胶原制备条件为:底物浓度5%,胃蛋白酶用量280 U/g,初始p H2,处理温度65℃,草鱼鳞、鲢鱼鳞、沙丁鱼鳞胶原蛋白肽溶出率分别为91.7%、89.3%、88.9%。从鱼鳞中连续提取制备有机酸钙、胶原和胶原蛋白肽的工艺具有较好的可靠性和稳定性,有望在工业化生产中得到应用。

Fish scale, rich in collagen and calcium,can be used as the raw material of producing collagen products and calcium supplements. In order to improve the comprehensive utilization and eliminate the pollution to environment from fish scale,the joint production technology of calcium citrate,collagen and collagen peptide was studied.The optimized de- ashing process parameters were ultrasonic power 120 W, ratio of material to water 1：20 g/mL,citric acid mass fraction 6%, processing time 180 min,as the de-ashing rate of grass carp scale,silver carp scale and sardine scale could reach 97.8%, 97.6% and 98.1%, respectively. After de- ashing, pepsin hydrolysis assisted by ultrasonic was used to extract collagen from fish scale, the optimum extraction conditions were as follows：ultrasonic power 180 W, ratio of material to water 1：20 g/mL, enzyme dosage 2000 U/g, extraction time 8 h.Under this condition,the collagen extraction rate of grass carp scale,silver carp scale and sardine scale was40.1% ,42.2% and 56.2%.Scale residue after extracting collagen was directly used for collagen peptide preparation,the optimum conditions were as follows：substrate mass fraction 5% ,enzyme dosage 280 U/g,the pH value of 2, processing temperature 65 ℃.Under this condition, the collagen extraction rate of grass carp scale, silver carp scale and sardine scale reached 91.7% ,89.3% and 88.9%.Eventually,the joint production technology was verified and the result showed that the established joint production technology was stable and reliable, and might pave the way for industrial production.