石榴和无花果黑白双膜覆盖越冬的膜下温度变化特征

Effect of Double-coated Black and White Plastic Film for Overwintering on Heat Preservation of Punica granatumand Ficus carica

2011—2015年冬季,在新疆吐鲁番用黑、白2种薄膜双层覆膜,进行了石榴和无花果土埋温度的逐日观测,以减轻石榴和无花果越冬埋土的劳动强度。结果表明:石榴、无花果采用双层覆膜越冬都是有效的;可抵御吐鲁番-25.2℃的极端最低气温和临界值-17℃以下26d,及其中-20℃以下13d的长期低温;覆膜每日的最高温度可以作为抵御最低温度的补偿温度,并且远远大于最低温度出现的亏缺温度;增加了生长期,相应缩短了冷冻期的时间,成为增产优质的基础;白膜覆膜材料好于黑膜;并提出了防止温室效应晚冬灌、晚封边和早春灌、早放边的配套技术。

In order to reduce the labor intensity of soil-burying Punica granatum and Ficus carica for overwintering, effect of double-coated black or white plastic film for overwintering on heat preservation of Punica granatum and Ficus carica was carried out in Turpan ,Xinjiang,China in winters from 2011 to 2015. The results showed that the fruit trees could safely overwinter under an extreme minimum temperature of -25.2℃ and a 26-day low temperature （below -17℃） duration including a 13-day low temperature （below -20℃） period if they were double-coated with black or white plastic film. The daily maximum temperature under plastic film could be regarded as the compensation temperature to resist low temperature at night, and the value of compensation temperature was much higher than that of deficient temperature of minimum temperature. Thus the growing period of the fruit trees prolonged, and the fruit quality increased. The heat preservation effect of white plastic film was better than that of black one. A complete set of techniques including the late winter irrigation, late side sealing of greenhouse, early spring irrigation and early side opening of greenhouse was put forward.