美国空间探测器热防护材料发展现状及趋势

Current Status and Trend of Thermal Protection Material for Space Exploration in America

综述了美国空间探测器热防护材料的发展及现状,介绍了几类具有代表性的防热材料:高密度酚醛玻璃钢、DC-325、Avcoat、SLA-561、PICA(Phenolic impregnated carbon ablator)和碳酚醛等,及其所应用的探测器、气动加热环境和防热结构成型工艺,着重阐述了美国在研的猎户座载人登月飞船防热材料的研制情况,并介绍了两类热点的烧蚀防热材料在以往研制过程中出现的异常情况以及选材的变化及进展,总结了猎户座的研制经验,同时指出了后续空间探测器防热结构及材料的发展方向。

The development and status of thermal protection materials for American space exploration probe have been reviewed.Several kinds of typical materials：high density phenolic FRP（fibre reinforced plastics）,DC-325,Avcoat,SLA-561,PICA（phenolic impregnated carbon ablator）and carbon phenolic,etc,and the exploration probes,which have been applied for,the aerodynamic heating environment and the manufacture processes of the thermal protection structure are introduced.The status of the thermal protection materials for orion which is one manned lunar capsule on researching in American is declared.The anomaly ablation cases of the two important materials and the materials selected change and development are descript.The material research experience for Orion is summarized and the development of the thermal protection structure and materials for space exploration probe is prospect finally.