从自然主义教育反观我国教育中人的复归

On the Return of Human Beings in China's Education from the Naturalistic Education

以卢梭为代表的西方自然主义教育要求教育应遵循自然,尊重受教者的主体地位、天性、本能和个性特征,突出教育中人的地位。而我国传统教育理念强调人的社会责任和师道尊严,缺乏的正是自然教育思想的精髓——对人的关注。长期以来,我国教育更为注重把受教者培养成合格的"社会人",而忽视了其作为一个具体的、个别的、独特的"自然人"的发展。当下,教育改革应更多关注教育中人的复归,关注受教者自然天性的自由发展,关注其主体地位的确立和独特个性的培养。

Western naturalistic education represented by Rousseau requires that education should follow nature ,respect children’s subject position ,nature ,instinct and personality ,and should highlight the status of human in education .However ,the idea of Chinese traditional education emphasizes the social responsibility and the dignity of the teaching profession .What we lack is the essence of naturalistic education ,the concern for human beings .Since the new curriculum reform ,China’s education began to focus on the development of human beings .However ,we should pay more attention to the cultivation of students into qualified “social human beings” ,ignoring the development of students as specific ,individual ,unique “natural human beings” .Nowadays ,the educational reform should pay more attention to the return of human beings in education ,pay attention to the free development of natural instincts ,and the cultivation of subject status and unique personality .