泛灵论的基本问题——从《斐多篇》反思哲学思维的性质

The Fundamental Problem of Animism——The Nature of Philosophical Thinking Reflected in Phaedo

基于生命直觉的泛灵论产生于哲学之前,而它与哲学具有内在相通之处。投影到哲学思维中来看,泛灵论的基本问题是论证灵魂真实存在。柏拉图对话录《斐多篇》讨论的主要问题就是论证灵魂真实存在,以及灵魂存在对于哲学思维方式和哲学生活方式的意义,其所具有的论域特别适合用来审视或讨论泛灵论的基本问题。《斐多篇》在不同程度上应用或暗示了灵魂的思维规定,主要从道德论证和知觉论证两方面去探讨灵魂的真实存在问题,其关于泛灵论基本问题的论述构成柏拉图主义的一种引论,同时也为理解哲学的本质提供了线索。

Animism based on intuition of life originates before philosophy,and it has the inner relation with philosophy. From the philosophical thinking point of view,the basic problem of animism is to prove the real existence of the soul. The main problem discussed in Plato＇s Phaedo is to demonstrate the existence of the soul,and the significance of the soul existence to the philosophical way of thinking and the philosophical way of life. The domain of Phaedo is particularly suitable for examining or discussing the basic problems of animism. It applies or implies the soul＇s thinking in varying degrees. It mainly discusses the soul from both moral and perceptual arguments. And its expositions on the basic issues of animism can constitute an introduction to Platonism and provide clues to the nature of philosophy.