财政分权对我国农村剩余劳动力转移效应研究——基于2000-2013年的282个地级及以上城市面板数据

Research on the Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Rural Surplus Labor Transfer in China——Based on the Panel Data of 282 Prefecture City and Higher Level City

城市财政的分权状况与农村剩余劳动力转移之间有着深刻的内在联系。本文采用广义矩估计法实证检验了城市财政分权对农村剩余劳动力转移的影响效应。实证结果表明,无论是收入分权还是支出分权对农村剩余劳动力的影响均呈显著的"倒U型"曲线特征,最优分权度分别为2.13和3.35。此外,财权与事权和支出责任的严重不匹配在很大程度上限制了城市财政向转移人口提供基本公共服务的能力。财政分权体制改革要提高城市财政的统筹保障能力,适当提高城市财政收入分权而相对降低财政支出分权,从而回应于城市吸纳大量农村剩余人口的客观现实。

The urban fiscal decentraliza tion has a deep connection with rural surplus labor transfer. In this paper, GMM is used to empirically analyze the urban fiscal decentralization effect of rural surplus labor transfer. Both revenue decentralization and expenditure decentralization of the impact on rural surplus labor force are characteristics with the ＂inverted U＂curve. The optimal degree of decentralization is 2.13 and 3.35 respectively. In addition, financial and expenditure responsibility don＇t match seriously, which to a great extent restricts the urban fiscal ability to provide public services for transfer population. Fiscal decentralization reform need to improve the urban fiscal coordination ability and appropriately improve the urban fiscal revenue decentralization and relatively reduce the fiscal expenditure decentralization so that urban fiscal ability can respond to the reality that cities absorb a large number of rural surplus populations.