黄河下游河道与滩区治理研究的趋势与进展

Regulation and Control on the Channel and Floodplains in the Lower Yellow River: Priorities and Progresses in Research

在回顾黄河下游河道与滩区治理研究现状、研究的总体目标、面临的主要现实问题基础上,指出需要解决的关键科学问题有:黄河下游中水河势稳定控制与特殊洪水行洪共适应机制及实现技术;常态中小流量下黄河下游河槽输沙能力提升的机理与技术;黄河下游宽滩区稀遇洪水行洪空间确定方法及其良性治理模式。需要开展的研究内容包括黄河下游未来洪水条件及其灾害情景、滩槽演变趋势及河槽变幅、河道输沙阈值及水沙调控作用潜力、河势稳定制导与输沙能力提升技术、滩区功能约束及其良性治理体系、综合治理决策支持系统开发及治理方案优化、河势控制与滩区治理示范研究等。最后介绍了项目组通过近期集中研发攻关与强力推进,在学科基本理论、河道冲淤预测方法与输沙效率、河道整治治导线流路规划设计方法、治理方案效果初步研究等方面取得的进展。

This paper provided an overview ol the state in research, examined the key problems that remain in practice and discussed the general objectives ol the regulation and control on the channel and lloodplains in the Lower Yellow River. Then, three pivoting themes were i- dentilied in research, including co-adaptation engineering mechanisms between river regime stability at small and medium-sized llow and llooding lor extreme llood, enhancing in capacity ol sediment transport in channel in the Lower Yellow River at normal llows, methods lor llooding space and a sustainable system lor governing overbank broad lloodplains. Five areas were then highlighted and discussed as a possible locus lor luture research： 1） llood conditions and disaster scenes in luture; 2） trends in the channel and lloodplains and range ol the channel migration; 3） llux threshold lor maintaining sediment delivery in the channel and potential ol reservoirs lor regulating the water and sediment in the channel; 4） stability controlling and leading the river regime and enhancing in transport ability in the channel; 5） constraints in the lloodplain lunctions and its sustainable control system, and 6） support systems lor integrated control and optimum schedule lor the river. Fi-nally, it reported recent progresses made in our group in river lundamental theory, predicted methods lor erosion and deposition and efficiency ol sediment transport, design and planning lor realigning and leading lines, and control plan in the Lower Yellow River.