高寒冻土煤炭开采区含水层保护评价研究

Research on Aquifer Protection Evaluation Method of Coal Exploitation Area in Alpine Permafrost Region

以青海祁连山煤炭基地为例,从含水层敏感性、含水层功能和煤炭开采影响力三方面建立评价指标体系,进行高寒冻土区含水层保护评价。评价结果表明:研究区含水层亟需重点保护的区域面积较小,并且不存在某一种含水层类型普遍处于亟需保护的状态;含水层一级重点保护区零星分布,仅为弧山矿区、江仓煤矿二井田和四井田、冬库矿区的冻结层上含水层以及研究区内主要大泉的补给区;研究区内超过50%的面积为含水层五级保护区,其中绝大多数地区为高山基岩区,虽然保护等级低,但也应加强含水层结构稳定性等方面的监测;木里盆地、江仓盆地与默勒盆地相比较,前者含水层敏感性较强,后者含水层功能较强,虽然保护等级均为二级,但是含水层保护的侧重点不同。

Qilian Mountain coal base was chosen as an example for the research of alpine permafrost region aquifer protection division. Evaluation of aquifer sensitivity,aquifer function and influences of coal mining were integrated as aquifer protection evaluation of coal exploitation area. Index system was established and aquifer evaluation was accomplished. The results show that the first-grade reserves are suprapermafrost aquifer in Hushan Mining Area,Dongku Mining Area,the Second and Forth Jiangcang Coal Fields and supply regions of the main springs. The second-grade reserves are in Muli Basin,Jiangcang Basin,Mole Basin and Reshui Basin. And all of them have different protection focuses. More than 50% of research areas are the fifth-grade reserve and the most of them are high altitude basement areas. More aquifer structural stability monitor surveillance work on these fields should be preceded. The evaluation method established in this study can make the property of aquifer be demonstrated more intuitively,so that the aquifer protection policy formulation rounder and more convenient.