自然语义元语言理论与情感词语义解释力探究

Natural Semantic Metalanguage Theory and Its Semantic Explanatory Power of Emotional Lexicons

情感词是民族文化模式和心理世界的反映。但由于其语义的复杂性,对情感词的释义一定程度上存在界定模糊、循环释义和民族中心主义等问题。Wierzbicka提出的自然语义元语言理论为系统描写词汇语义结构提供一套有效的方法,能够客观、准确地描写不同语言中情感词的语义结构,构建其自然语义元语言释义,从而揭示不同文化中的情感概念。本文运用自然语义元语言理论的化简释义方法,通过对俄汉语情感词сочувствие/"同情"的实证分析,阐释该理论对情感词的释义过程及其语义解释力。研究表明,自然语义元语言理论对不同语言的情感词具有普遍语义解释力。

Emotional lexicons are the reflex of cultural model and mental world. However,because of their semantic complexity,there are some problems in defining emotional lexicons,such as vague definition,cyclic explanation,and ethnocentrism. Natural Semantic Metalanguage（ NSM） is an effective method by Wierzbicka to describe lexical semantic structure systematically. Through NSM,we can objectively,accurately describe semantic structure of emotional lexicons in different languages,construct their NSM definitions,and draw out emotional concepts of different cultures. Taking emotional word ＂сочувствие ＂ in Russian and＂tongqing＂in Chinese as an example,this paper applies reductive paraphrase of NSM to analyzing the explanation process of NSM and its semantic explanatory power. It is concluded that NSM has universal semantic explanatory power in emotional lexicons.