河北省低平原中低产类型区土壤肥力演变规律及变化特征

Evolution Rule and Change Characteristics of Fertility Quality of Cultivated Land in Middle and Low Yield Area in Low Plains of Hebei Province

利用全国第2次土壤普查数据及河北省耕地质量监测数据,对河北省低平原中低产类型区典型粮田的耕地肥力质量演变规律及变化特征进行了分析,以期为科学施肥和土壤培肥提供支撑。结果表明,第2次全国土壤普查时河北省低平原中低产类型区典型粮田土壤有机质含量、全氮含量及速效磷含量总体处于低至极低水平,平均含量分别为8.47 g/kg、0.54 g/kg、6.00 mg/kg;土壤速效钾含量较高,平均为122.67 mg/kg。从肥力质量变化趋势看,土壤有机质含量由8.47 g/kg提高到2014—2015年的17.48 g/kg,增长106.38%;土壤全氮含量由0.54 g/kg提高到1998—1999年的1.02 g/kg,增长88.89%,1998—2015年土壤全氮含量变幅减小;土壤速效磷含量由6.00 mg/kg提高到1998—1999年的18.30 mg/kg,增长205.00%,1998—2015年,冀州市土壤速效磷含量呈增长趋势,增长156.13%,而献县和深州市土壤速效磷含量则呈下降趋势,分别下降56.60%和49.74%;土壤速效钾含量由122.67 mg/kg下降到1998—1999年的81.83 mg/kg,下降33.29%,1998—2015年,土壤速效钾含量呈上升趋势,冀州市由61.50 mg/kg提高到181.50 mg/kg,增长195.12%,处于2级水平,献县由137.00 mg/kg提高到170.50 mg/kg,增长24.45%,深州市由47.00 mg/kg提高到66.00 mg/kg,增长40.43%,但含量仍偏低,需要继续培肥以满足作物高产的需要。

In order to provide support for scientific fertilization,the evolution rule and variation characteristics of arable land fertility quality of typical grain in middle-low productive farmland in low plain areas of Hebei province were analyzed with the data of the Second National Soil Survey and cultivated land quality monitoring in Hebei province. The results showed that the organic matter content,total N content and available P content were at low to extremely low levels in the Second National Soil Survey,the average contents were 8. 47 g / kg,0. 54 g / kg,6. 00 mg / kg; the content of soil available K was at high level,the average content was 122. 67 mg / kg. From the trend of fertility quality variation,soil organic matter contentincreased from 8. 47 g / kg to 17. 48 g / kg in 2014—2015,increased by 106. 38%; soil total nitrogen content increased from 0. 54 g / kg to 1. 02 g / kg in 1998—1999 years,increased by 88. 89%,the change range of soil total nitrogen content level reduced in 1998—2015 years; the content of soil available phosphorus increased from 6. 00 mg / kg to 18. 30 mg / kg in 1998—1999 years,increased by 205. 00%,soil available phosphorus content had an increasing trend in 1998—2015 years in Jizhou,increased by 156. 13%,soil available phosphorus content had an decreasing trend in Xianxian and Shenzhou,decreased by 56. 60% and49. 74% respectively; soil available potassium content decreased from 122. 67 mg / kg to 81. 83 mg / kg in1998—1999 years,decreased by 33. 29%,soil available potassium content had an increasing trend in1998—2015 years,Jizhou city increased from 61. 50 mg / kg to 181. 50 mg / kg,increased by 195. 12%,belonging to level 2,Xianxian county increased from 137. 00 mg / kg to 170. 50 mg / kg,increased by24. 45%,Shenzhou city increased from 47. 00 mg / kg to 66. 00 mg / kg,increased by 40. 43%,but the content was still low,in order to meet the high yield requirement,we should continue to cultivate fertilizer.