专题教育社区学习活动设计的基本原则

Basic Principles of Special Education Community Learning Activity Design

专题教育社区是以发展学习者专题知识和实践能力为目标的新型远程教育模式,非正式的学习活动是学习者在专题教育社区中的主要学习方式,因此专题学习活动设计具有自身独特性。该文构建了专题教育社区学习活动设计结构模型,以模型中的四个活动设计结构要素(学习活动任务、学习活动支持环境、学习活动策略和学习活动评价)为抓手,提出了专题教育社区学习活动设计基本原则体系。该体系包括"学习活动的系统设计原则""任务中心性原则""‘三式’策略设计原则""知识服务导向的学习活动支持环境设计原则"和"基于真实性评估的活动评价设计原则"。该原则体系将确保专题学习活动设计的质量,增强其目标性、完整性、规范性、系统性和实践性,使学习活动更加符合学习者对专题实践能力发展的要求。

Special Education Community（SEC）is a new distance education mode, aimed at developing learners＇ special skills and practical abilities. Learners in SEC develop their skills mainly by participating informal learning activities. Therefore, activity design for special learning has its own uniqueness. The paper constructs the structural model of SEC learning activity design and selects four structural factors in the model as starting points to propose the basic principle system of SEC learning activity design. The four structural factors include tasks of learning activities, supporting environment of learning activities, strategies for learning activities and evaluation of leaning activities. The principle system includes systematic design principles of learning activity, task centricity principles, three-mode principles of strategy design, knowledge-service oriented principles of supporting environment design and authentic assessment principles of evaluation design. As a result, the principle system will ensure the quality of the activities design for special learning by enhancing its purposiveness, integrity, standardization, systematicness and practicalness, making learning activities more suitable for learners＇ requirement of special practical ability development.