功能性共轭多孔聚合物材料

Functional Conjugated Porous Polymer Materials

有机多孔聚合物(organic porous polymers,OPPs)材料是一类由强共价键将不同几何构型的有机分子砌块链接而成的多维度的多孔网络骨架材料,近年来成为多孔材料发展的一个新方向.按其结构的有序程度划分,OPPs包括无定型(如CMPs,HCPs,PIMs,PAFs等)和晶态(如COFs,CTFs)多孔聚合物两大类.因具有质轻、较大的比表面积、优异的多孔特性、稳定性好、结构与功能可预先设计和精确调控等优点,OPPs在气体存储/分离,非均相催化,光电转换,化学/生物传感,能量存储与转换等诸多领域有着广泛的应用前景.基于"自下而上"的构筑策略,以一种或多种具有特定功能的有机共轭分子为构筑单元,通过其分子间的自聚或共聚来实现二维、三维共轭高分子网络的可控构筑,发展了一系列具有优异光电、催化性能的功能性有机骨架材料.本文总结了近年来作者所在课题组报道的以功能性共轭有机分子为反应单元,自下而上构筑共轭多孔聚合物材料的战略和方法,主要探索了其结构特征以及在光电转换和非均相催化领域等的初步应用.

Organic porous polymer（OPP） materials are a class of multi-dimensional porous network materials,which are built via the strong covalent bonds linkage of various organic building blocks with different geometries and topologies,and recently become a new rising research field in porous material sciences. OPPs can be generally divided into two categories based on their degree of long-range order,including amorphous（e. g. CMPs,HCPs,PIMs,PAFs,etc.） and crystalline（e. g. COFs,CTFs） catalogues. Owning to their advantages of light-weight,large specific surface area,superior inherent porosity,excellent stability,predesignable and precise tuneable structures and functions,OPPs have received increasing attention and research interests for their tremendous potential applications in gas storage/separation,heterogeneous catalysis,photoelectric conversion,chemical-and bio-sensing,energy storage and conversion,etc. We have developed a series of two dimensional（2D） and three dimensional（3D） functional organic porous network materials with excellent optoelectronic,or catalytic properties constructed by one or multiple organic conjugated building blocks owning specific functions,through self-polycondensation or copolymerization based on the so-called＂bottom-up＂strategy. In this article,we summarized recent examples reported by our group for the construction of multi-functional conjugated porous polymers of weaving organic conjugated functional molecules based on the bottom-up strategy,with a focus on the introduction of their structural features and exploration of their potential applications in photoelectric conversion and heterogeneous catalysis. Typical examples,of CMPs and COFs served as photodetectors,solid-state emitters,energy storage/conversion materials,and heterogeneous oxidation catalysts,were accordingly discussed. Some personal perspectives and challenges on the development of organic porous polymers were proposed in the last part of this article. Different from their counterparts（e. g. MOFs and zeolites）,OPPs own a much more bright future in photovoltaics and energy storage materials（e. g.supercapacitors and batteries） due to their superior stabilities and facile chemical post-functionalization.