肠道菌群对肿瘤治疗的影响

The effects of gut microbiota on cancer therapy

肠道菌群是寄居在人体肠道内的正常微生物群落,维持着宿主肠道微生态的稳态,肠道微生态失调促进肿瘤的发生,但特异的肠道共生菌及其代谢产物可能抑制肿瘤的发生。肠道菌群对宿主固有免疫和适应性免疫系统的成熟与调节具有重要作用,其可增强烷化剂、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)激动剂、免疫检验点抑制剂、过继性细胞免疫治疗等的抗肿瘤作用。肠道菌群主要通过调节肿瘤浸润髓源细胞的分化和功能影响抗肿瘤免疫反应,重新编程肿瘤浸润髓源细胞可能是一种理想的肿瘤治疗方法。肠道菌群为肿瘤治疗提供了新的策略,但其临床应用还面临着较多问题。本文就肠道菌群对肿瘤的发生和肿瘤治疗的有益影响进行综述。

Gut microbiota helps in maintaining a healthy balance within the microecosystem of the host, and the occurrence of dysbio- sis has been linked to tumorigenesis. Specific commensal microbes and their metabolites have the potential to inhibit tumorigenesis. Moreover, gut microbiota plays an important role in the maturation and regulation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This microbe population,which lives in the intestines, enhances the antitumor effects of alkylating agents, Toll-like receptor agonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Furthermore, gut microbiota also affects the antitumor immune response by regulating the differentiation and function of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, the reprogramming of which may be an ide- al method for cancer therapy. The manipulation of gut microbiota represents a new strategy for cancer therapy. However, clinical appli- cation of gut microbiota still poses many problems.