基辅罗斯维彻探析

The Research of Veche in Kievan Rus

维彻本意为市民大会,源于东斯拉夫人原始部落的决议方式,是基辅罗斯时期重要的议事机构,其相关职能极为广泛。维彻的社会构成起初由全体男性市民共同参与,从11世纪起则逐渐由城市有产者把持。维彻与王公共同遵从习惯法与契约原则,平等共享国家及城市的统治权力。需要注意的是,维彻本身是一个发展性的历史问题,在基辅罗斯不同历史时期,不同地域,维彻的含义、职能及功用都不尽相同。就基辅罗斯国家整体而言,大公和王公的统治还远未建立起真正意义上的封建君主制,基辅罗斯是由维彻在不同时期不同地区的力量差别而形成的政治多元化的城邦文明。

The original meaning ofвечеis town hall meeting,which derives from the resolution method of East Slavs in the primitive tribe.Veche is the significant deliberative institution in the Kiev-Russ period.It has the extremely wide-ran-ging social function.Originally,all male citizens jointly participate in the Veche.Gradually,it is controlled by man of property in cities in the 1 1 th century.Veche and dukes all obey the contracts and laws,and equally share the governing power of cities and countries.It should be noted that Veche is a growing historical problem,which has different meanings and functions in the different Kievan Rus periods and regions.As for Kievan Rus,the domination of the grand duke and dukes does not mean the formation of feudal and monarchical system in a real sense.Kievan Rus is a kind of the politically diverse city-state civilization,which forms from the power difference of Veche in the different times and regions.