汉代天文观念与汉画像“太一”图式

Astronomy Concept of the Han Dynasty and the "Supreme God" Patterns on the Han Stone Reliefs

汉画像是把复杂的世界加以抽象进而转变成为一个可以被视觉感知的视觉图像符号。汉代的谶纬思想对汉画像的创作产生了重要的影响,随着汉画像的大量出土,这一观点得到了进一步的论证。从中可以发现,汉画像的共同母题会形成一个基本的图式,而其中的"太一"图式,就是汉代人信仰的祥瑞图式。通过对出土的"兵避太岁"戈与帛画上的太一形象与周围四神等神祇的分析,结合文献资料,可以认定汉画像中的拥抱伏羲女娲的"大人"就是太一神。据此也可以认定汉画像中有多达三十余幅的太一图像。

Auspicious ideas in the Han Dynasty have an important impact on the creation of stone reliefs in the Han Dynas-ty.The stone reliefs transform the complex world of abstract into visual image symbols.The unearthed stone reliefs in the Han Dynasty make us possible to see the profound impact of auspicious ideas on the stone reliefs in the Han Dynasty. The common theme of the stone reliefs has formed some basic patterns;one of them is the auspicious pattern of＂Supreme God＂.Through analysis of the images of＂Supreme God＂on＂bingbitaisui Ge and silk paintings with the surrounding four gods and other deities,we can confirm that the embraced Fuxi and Nuwa on the stone reliefs is actually＂Supreme God＂. According to the patterns,three dozen pieces of the image can be found in the Han stone reliefs.