云南省少数民族地区特殊教育学校职业教育现存问题及建议

Current Problems and Suggestions for Vocational Education in Special Education Schools in Minority Areas of Yunnan Province

采用自编问卷对云南省12所特殊教育学校进行调查。结果显示:云南省少数民族地区特殊教育学校职业教育发展的民族特色明显,但发展比较落后且不均衡。主要特点为:开设学校少,民族特色课程多;开办时间短,开设年级范围广;校本教材少,课时安排合理;校外培训基地少,校内实训教室充足;具备教师资格的教师多,专业技术教师少、专业化水平低;就业率不理想,民族特色方向前景好。为此从培养机制改革、师资队伍建设、特色专业设置、支持系统构建四个方面提出建议,为打造中国特色化特校职业教育之路提供借鉴。

This study made an investigation into 12 special education schools from Yunnan Province by us- ing a self-devised questionnaire. The results show that vocational education in special education schools in the minority areas of Yunnan Province reveals significant minority features, but backward and unbalanced development. The major features are as follows： There are a small number of special education schools but a large number of minority-oriented courses; the special education schools were started only a short time ago for students in many different grades; there are a small number of school-based teaching textbooks, but rational class hour arrangements; there are a small number of off-campus training bases, but sufficient training rooms inside the special education schools; there are a large number of teachers with competent teaching qualifications but at a low level of professionalism; and the special education schools have a low em ployment rate of students, but good prospects for their development of minority-oriented features. In conclusion, the study suggests reforming the mechanism for special education teacher preparation, cultivating professionalized teachers, developing feature-oriented curriculums, and building a proper support system, for the purpose of developing vocational education with Chinese characteristics for special education schools.