家庭早期环境对超常儿童创造力发展的影响探析

On the Effect of the Early Family Environment on the Development of Supernormal Children's Creativity

家庭早期环境的构建是超常儿童创造力发展的关键,综合分析国内外理论和研究,从家庭早期阅读环境,家庭关系和家庭期望三个方面展开讨论。结果发现:1.纸质阅读材料丰富的想象性元素,多媒体阅读的多感官刺激,良好的亲子共读和平等互动方式有利于促进超常儿童创造力潜能的发展;2.独立-融洽的家庭关系能够有效提升超常儿童的创造力;3.过高的家庭期望会降低超常儿童的内部动机并引发高焦虑,从而抑制创造力的发展。上述分析将有助于探索多种人才培养模式,保护和培养超常儿童的创造力,增强国家创新拔尖人才库建设。

The early family environment is a key to the development of supemormal childrerns＇ creativity. This study makes an analysis of domestic and foreign researches and theories, based on a familys＇ early reading environment, the family relationship, and parental expectations. The authors found the results as follows： （1） The imaginative elements from paper reading materials, the multi-sensory stimulations from e-books, and the equally interactive parent-child reading style could help improve the creativity of supernormal chil- dren; （2） the independent-harmonious family relationship could help enhance the creativity of supernormal children; and （3） excessive parental expectations would reduce the intrinsic motivations of supernormal children and trigger their high anxiety, which might restrain the development of their creativity. These findings are expected to help probe into diversified models of cultivating talents, protect and develop supernormal childrer＇ creativity, and strengthen the building of the top-notch innovative talent pool.