恶劣天气下驾驶人生理反应与行车安全关系

Relationship Between Driver's Physiological Reaction and Driving Safety in Bad Weather

为了提高驾驶人在恶劣天气下的行车安全,基于汽车驾驶模拟器试验平台,针对晴天、雨天和雪天3种行车环境,开展驾驶人生理反应与行车安全关系的研究。试验选用20名男性被试人员,运用KF-2动态多参数生理检测仪和HED型眼动仪对被试人员进行生理指标测试。通过对数回归和相关性分析,研究了驾驶人在行车过程中操作错误次数与平均心率变化率之间的关系,并分析了不同天气状况下驾驶人的注视特性和扫视特性。研究结果表明:在雨天和雪天条件下,驾驶人的心率变化率与操作错误次数之间具有较好的相关性,心率变化率与操作错误次数呈对数曲线增长趋势;超速、违规换道和转向未打灯是驾驶人的主要操作错误类型;晴天时,驾驶人注视点的分布范围最广,雨天和雪天时驾驶人注视点的分布范围较为集中;雪天时驾驶人的注视时间最长,雨天和晴天较短;晴天时驾驶人的注视次数最多,雨天和雪天注视次数较少;晴天时驾驶人的扫视幅度最大,扫视时间最长,雨天和雪天较短。

In order to improve the driving safety of drivers in bad weather, the research on the relationship between driver＇s physiological reaction and driving safety was conducted under 3 kinds of weather including sunny, rainy and snowy days based on driving simulator experimental platform. 20 male subjects were selected and KF-2 dynamic multiple physiological parameters detecting instrument and HED eye tracker were used to test the subjects＇ physiological indices. Experimental data were disposed by logistic regression and relativity analysis to investigate the relationship between the frequency of operating error and the average change rate of heart beat in the operation process and the characteristics of drivers＇ fixation and saccade in different weather were analyzed. The results show that in rainy and snowy days, drivers＇ change rates of heart beat are closely related with the frequency of operating error. Change rate of heart beat increases with the number of driver＇s operating error in the form of logarithmic function. Overspeed, illegal lane change and turning without lights on are common among the driver＇s operation errors. When it is sunny,the distribution range of driver＇s eye fixation points is the most extensive, while those on rainy and snowy days, by contrast, is longer than those on sunny and r those on rainy and snowy days. Th those on rainy and snowy days. are relatively concentrated. The fixation time on snowy ainy days. The fixation number on sunny days is more e saccade amplitude and time are longer on sunny days days than than those on rainy and snowy days.