试析二战后苏联地区日本战俘粮食供给问题

An analysis of the Food Supply to Japanese POW in Soviet Union after World War Ⅱ

1945年8月8日,根据《雅尔塔协定》相关内容,苏联对日出兵并迅速俘获了数十万日本战俘,之后将其中大部分人移送到苏联地区从事劳动。1946年底,苏联开始大规模遣返日本战俘,到1950年基本遣返完毕。在此期间,对日本战俘的粮食供给与保障始终是战俘营内的头等大事。苏联战俘管理机关颁布了相应的日本战俘粮食标准,对普通战俘、军官和将军实行不同的粮食标准,在一定程度上提高了对从事重体力劳动和病患战俘的供给标准,并考虑到了日本战俘的粮食习惯。总体而言,在二战结束后初期,受制于战后苏联物资匮乏状况,各战俘营普遍面临粮食供给短缺问题,但随着苏联经济逐步好转,日本战俘粮食供给状况也相应改善。考察战后苏联地区日本战俘粮食供给问题的历史意义,在于有利于了解战后苏联战俘管理制度及经济发展脉络。

In accordance with the Yalta agreements, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and captured hundreds of thousands of Japanese prisoners-of-war（POW）and shipped them to Soviet Union to work on August 8th 1945. By the end of 1946, Soviet Union had begun to repatriate these POW massively. Repatriation was over in 1950.During this period the food supply for Japanese POW had always been a top priority in POW camps. Soviet authority issued the food standard for Japanese POW, taking into account the food habits of Japanese POW. Totally, In the early post-World War Ⅱ period, the supply of food to the POW camps was generally confronted by the shortage of supplies in the Soviet Union. However, with the gradual improvement of the Soviet economy, the food supply situation of Japanese POW was correspondingly improved. The historical significance of the study on the supply of Japanese POW in Soviet areas after the war is to learn about POW system and economic development in Soviet Union.